Couple of comments:
1) If for a question you simply wish to direct me to an article, feel
free to do just that - you need not 'extract' all of the information
for me. I'm happy to read, & read, & read, and get what I want.
2) I have access to Lexis/Nexis, which has a wealth of articles. To
the extent that you find an article for which you cannot access the
entire document, please give me the name/date of the article - I can
probably get it from there.
3) Feel free to ask clarifying questions, of course.
4) Some of these are broad - I realize that. I do not need ALL the
possible data points out there, just a few. Consider it this way -
what I need to do is make what is currently a US centric piece more
international. So, a few facts will, in general, probably do.
5) After writing the questions, there is some overlap - it would
probably be helpful to read them all first (although maybe that's an
obvious one!).
Thanks, in advance, and let me know your thoughts. I will try to
check back frequently. So if you want to do a rough cut on a
particular question, just give me what you've got and I'll let you
know if I need more.
Now, the questions.
-----------------------------
1. NUMBER OF CORPORATIONS WORLDWIDE. I have numbers for the US, but
not worldwide. The corporation is the ubiquitous organizational form,
so I am trying to find some way to quantify that. This does not need
to be a comparison of organizational forms - just some raw data. I
would also like to know, if possible, the number of corporations in
different countries, or, groups of countries - Asia, G7, etc.
[so - to reiterate - none of the above is set in stone - if all you
can find are worldwide numbers, then that's great. If all you can
find are the number of corporations in the G7, that's great too. In
order of importance, the stats would be 1) Worldwide, 2) G7. ]
2. FORM OF ORGANIZATIONS IN EUROPE/ASIA. In the US, there are
corporations, partnerships, sole proprietorships, LLCs, etc. I need
some information about the organizational forms in other countries.
[If there is an overwhelming amount of information - just pick a few
countries: UK, Germany, Japan, Russia...or whatever works.]
3. REVENUE GENERATED BY SOLE PROPRIETORSHIPS AND PARTNERSHIPS AROUND
THE WORLD. In the US, sole props are the most common organizational
form. But they are very small, and account for about 13% of sales in
the US - corps are about 80%. Partnerships are about 7%. What about
outside of the US?
[for this question, can we get worldwide data? If not, for a range of
countries - like, say, industrialized vs non? Or, if not, for a few
countries?]
4. BRANCH OF GOVT THAT HAS RESPONSIBILITY FOR CONSENTING TO FORMATION
OF A CORPORATION. Corps are legal entities, so the govt has to agree
to their formation. In foreign countries, what branch of the
government is responsible for this?
[again, don't have to cover all countries. just a few examples, or general rule.]
5. DOUBLE TAXATION OF CORPORATIONS OUTSIDE OF US. In the US, a
corporation is double taxed - it pays tax on its profits, and then,
when the corp distributes profits to shareholders, the shareholders
pay tax. Not so for sole proprietorships, partnerships, LLCs, or even
S corps - for these, the individuals just pay taxes, not the entities.
How does this differ across the G7, or some subset? [Maybe even
Asia, if it's easy to get, but G7 is more important here.]
6. STOCK MARKETS OUTSIDE OF THE US. The NYSE is obviously the
biggest stock market worldwide. Then comes the London Stock Exchange
(LSE) and the Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE). Couple of data points here:
a. Can you tell me about the number and size of stock markets
worldwide - I guess, global figures, if possible.
b. A few data points on the LSE and TSE, probably size data points -
how much volume they do. Maybe a couple of data points if there is
another notable stock exchange - like say the #4 biggest.
7. HOSTILE TAKEOVERS OUTSIDE OF THE US. Hostile takeovers are a US
only thing, I think. They don't happen elsewhere, or at least it's
very rare. Can we back this up with some data points? Europe, Japan? Private-Flows-Sub-index::
developing countries and the private sector to improve corporate governance in countries to efforts to maximize the benefits from foreign investment?
http://www.un.org/esa/ffd/themes/Private-Flows-Sub-index-.htmHOME |
www.iccsafe.org/foundation/ICCF_presentation.ppt::
Assist foreign governments, or other international entities, in Individuals positioned to influence decisions regarding ICCF issues. Countries/Regions :
http://www.iccsafe.org/foundation/ICCF_presentation.pptHOME |
FindLaw | Cases and Codes::
law of foreign relations provided federal-question jurisdiction under §1331. In issues of corporate law structure often matters.
http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?navby=CASE&court=US&vol=538&page=468HOME |
Egypt::
hub for surrounding countries, and a market thirsty for foreign products. market and had specific questions regarding payment terms and distributors.
http://www.export.gov/articles/exp_mom_egypt.aspHOME |
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Research question regarding corporate structure in foreign countries